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ABA Therapy
Overview

What is Applied Behavior Analysis?
Applied behavior analysis is the process of systematically applying interventions based upon the principles of learning theory to improve socially significant behaviors to a meaningful degree and to demonstrate that the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior (Baer, Wolf & Risley, 1968; Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991).  

"Socially significan behaviors" include reading, academics, social skills, communication, and adaptive living skills.  Adaptive living skills include gross and fine motor skills, eating and food preparation, toileting, dressing, personal self-care, domestic skills, time and punctuality, money and value, home and community orientation, and work skills. 

ABA methods are used to support persons with autism in at least six ways:
1.  to increase behaviors;
2.  to teach new skill;
3.  to maintain behaviors;
4.  to generalize or to transfer behavior from one situation or response to
     another;
5.  to restrict or narrow conditions under which interfering behaviors occur;
     and  
6.  to reduce interfering behaviors.  

Evaluating ABA Programs 
There are many ABA providers and often parents do not known which provider is the best one for their child.  Numerous providers claim to have expertise in the field of autism.  Though a provider may have ABA training, it is very important that the provider also have experience with the autism population and can develop an individualized program for your child. 

Program guidelines to follow:

Individualized Programming

·         Does the provider work within the child’s areas of strength?

·         Are adaptations to the curriculum made when needed?

·         Avoidance of “cook book” programming”. 

·         Does the agency incorporate the latest research findings into their
      treatment plans?

 

Emphasis on Generalization

·         Does generalization work begin immediately?

·         Is there an emphasis to generalize skills across people?

·         Is there an emphasis to generalize the way instructions are given?

·         Is there an emphasis to generalize skills across learning
      environments?

·         Is there a push to transition to a naturally occurring reinforcement
      schedule?

 

Supervision

·         Is regular supervision considered crucial to the program success?

·         Are behavioral excesses and reductive strategies reviewed at each
      supervisory meeting?

·         Is school progress reviewed and are there shadowing goals
      outlined?

·         Are all drills reviewed and demonstrated at each supervisory
      meeting?

·         Are the children’s programs adapted to their individual needs?

·         Are the necessary referrals provided when needed?

 

Intensity & Consistency

·         Are the hours recommended consistent with research findings?

·         Are steps taken to ensure consistency?

Ø  Parent / Nanny / Extended Family Training

Ø  Frequent Consultation with School Staff

Ø  Frequent Consultation with other providers

 

Acknowledgment of Biomedical Factors Impacting Treatment

·         Are parents encouraged to explore medical treatments?

·         Is information regarding dietary changes provided?

·         Are pre-screened referrals provided when necessary?

 

Specialized Programs for Particular Learners

·         Are Social Skills Training / Executive Function Training / Theory
      of Mind Work part of the program?

·         Is adequate programming for non-verbal children available if
      needed?

·         Are other programs brought in to aide the child’s pattern of
      acquisition (PECS, Social Stories, etc.) 


The above information has been taken from The Report of the Maine Administrators of Services for Children with Disabilities (MADSEC )Autism Task Force (2000)  


Abstracts/Studies
Intensive Behavioral Treatment at School for 4 to 7 Year Old Children
With Autism: A 1-Year Comparison Controlled Study

By Svein Eikeseth-Akershus College, Tristram Smith-University of Rochester, Erik Jahr and Sigmund Eldevik-Akershus Central Hospital

Outcome for Children With Autism Who Began Intensive Behavioral Treatment Between Ages 4 and 7: A Comparison Controlled Study
By Svein Eikeseth, Akershus University College, Norway, Tristram Smith, University of Rochester, NY, Erik Jahr, Akershus University Hospital, Norway and Sigmund Eldevik, Nordvoll School & Autism Centre, Norway

Early Intensive Behavioral Treatment:  Replication the UCLA Model in a Community Setting
By Howard Cohen, PhD,Valley Mountain Regional Center, Stockton, CA, Mila Amerine, Dickens, M.S., Central Valley Autism Project, Modesto, CA and Tristram Smith, PhD., Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY

Outcome of comprehensive psycho-educational interventions for young children with autism
By Svein Eikeseth, Akershus University College, Norway

Report of the Surgeon General - Executive Summary
Chapter 3: Autism

ABA Therapists in Kentucky
Christian County
Behavioral Consulting Associates, Inc.

Logan County
Behavioral Consulting Associates, Inc.

Todd County
Behavioral Consulting Associates, Inc.